Skip to main content

Payments Reference

Detailed reference material for when you need to understand the mechanics behind your payment system.

How Transactions Work

PageWhat It Covers
Authorization BasicsHow card authorization works, response codes, and processing best practices
Auth WindowsNetwork-specific authorization validity windows and chargeback protection periods
Capture OperationsVoiding vs. refunding, partial captures, and re-authorization
Gateway BasicsWhat gateways do, how they differ from processors, and when you need one
Provider TypesGateway vs. processor vs. ISO vs. PayFac vs. Merchant of Record

Costs and Fees

PageWhat It Covers
InterchangeHow interchange works, what determines your rate, and why some transactions cost more
Debit RoutingDurbin Amendment, debit routing requirements, and interchange optimization
BNPL EconomicsBuy Now Pay Later costs for merchants and when it makes sense
FX and SettlementFX markup, cross-border fees, and when local acquiring saves money

Security and Compliance

PageWhat It Covers
TokenizationNetwork tokens vs. gateway tokens, and how tokenization improves auth rates
E2EE vs P2PEBoth encrypt card data at the terminal; only P2PE reduces PCI scope automatically

Specialized

PageWhat It Covers
B2B CommercialLevel 2/3 data, commercial card optimization, and B2B payment best practices